Black Nationalist Thought in the United States 

(1829-1895) From Slavery to Freedom 

Crummell, Alexander. Destiny and Race, Selected Writings 1840-1889.  Edited with an introduction by Wilson J. Moses. Amherst: University of Mass. Press, 1992.

Delany, Martin R. The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States.  (1852)

Glaude, Eddie.  Exodus! Religion, Race, and Nation in Early 19th Century Black America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

Moses, Wilson Jeremiah, ed.  Classical Black Nationalism: From the American Revolution to Marcus Garvey. New York: New York University Press, 1996. [Significant individual essays from this collection listed separately]

Stewart, Maria.  “Address at the African Masonic Hall” (1833).  In Classical Black Nationalism.   

Stuckey, Sterling.  Slave Culture: Nationalist Theory and the Foundations of Black America.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Walker, David. Appeal, In Four Articles: Together With A Preamble To The Coloured Citizens Of The World, But In Particular, And Very Expressly, To Those Of The United States Of America.   (1829)

Young, Robert.  “The Ethiopian Manifesto” (1829).  In Classical Black Nationalism.   

(1895-1945) Pan-Africanism and The New Negro

Du Bois, W.E.B.  The Souls of Black Folk. (1903), and “The Conservation of Races” (1897)

Garvey, Marcus. The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey, or Africa for the Africans. (1925)

Griggs, Sutton.  Imperium in Imperio (1899)

Locke, Alain.  “Foreword.”  The New Negro (1925)

Turner, Henry McNeal.  “The American Negro and His Fatherland.” (1895) In Classical Black Nationalism

Von Eschen, Penny.  Race Against Empire: Black Americans and Anticolonialism, 1937-1957.  Ithaca: Cornell University, 1997.

Washington, Booker T.  “Speech at the Atlanta Cotton States and International Exposition.” (1895).

(1945-1975) Black Power and the Black Arts Movement

Baraka, Amiri and Larry Neal. Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing. New York: Morrow, 1968

Cleaver, Eldridge.  Soul on Ice.  New York: Dell Publishing, 1968.

Joseph, Peniel.  Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour: A Narrative History of Black Power in America.  New York: Henry Holt, 2006.

Muhammad, Elijah.  Message to the Blackman in America.  (1965)

Murray, Rolland.  Our Living Manhood:  Literature, Black Power, and Masculine Ideology.  Philadelphia: UPenn Press, 2006.

Newton, Huey. “A Letter to the Revolutionary Brothers and Sisters about the Women’s Liberation and Gay Liberation Movements.” (1970)

Robinson, Dean. Black Nationalism in American Politics and Thought.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Van De Burg, William. New Day in Babylon: The Black Power Movement and American Culture, 1965-1975. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

Wallace, Michele.  Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman.  New York: Dial Press, 1978.

X, Malcolm.  Malcolm X Speaks: Selected Speeches and Statements.  New York: Grove Press, 1990.

(1975 – present) Afrocentricity, Cosmopolitanism and the Critique of Gender 

Asante, Molefi.  The Afrocentric Idea.  Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987.

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism.  Verso, 1983.

“Combahee River Collective Statement.”  (1977) in Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought.  Beverly Guy-Sheftall, Ed.  New York: The New Press, 1995.

Diawara, Manthia.  In Search of Africa.  Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Gilroy, Paul.  The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness.  Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993.

McBride, Dwight.  “Can the Queen Speak? Racial Essentialism, Sexuality and the Problem of Authority.” Callaloo 21.2 (1998) 363-379.

Moses, Wilson J.  Afrotopia: The Roots of African American Popular History.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Szwed, John.  Space is the Place:  The Lives and Times of Sun Ra.  New York: Da Capo Press, 1998.

White, E. Frances. “Africa on my Mind: Gender, Counterdiscourse and African American Nationalists.” published in Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought. ed. Beverly Guy-Sheftall. (New York: New Press, 1995) , 504-524.